Namysłowska I, Heitzman J, Siewierska A
[Gardner syndrome--parent alienation syndrome (PAS). Diagnosis or family reality?] [English Abstract, Journal Article]
Psychiatr Pol 2009 Jan-Feb; 43(1):5-17.
The authors present characteristics of Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) proposed by Gardner as well as data, which may help to differentiate that syndrome with real psychological, physical and sexual abuse. The consequences of Gardner Syndrome for legal decisions in the court cases of child custody and the critique of this syndrome in forensic and psychiatric literature are also discussed, and several questions posed. Authors propose to treat Gardner Syndrome not as as a child disorder but as a specific, dynamic family situation, which occurs sometimes, during divorce and fight about child custody.
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